Innovating Underground: The Role of Remote-Controlled Demolition Robots in Modern Tunneling

In the challenging environments of underground construction, reliability, efficiency, and safety are paramount. While large, heavy-duty machines often take center stage in major infrastructure projects such as subway, highway, and sewer tunnels, smaller, highly versatile equipment plays an equally critical role—particularly in accessing tight or hard-to-reach spaces. For nearly 50 years, Brokk Inc. has led innovation in this space, supplying remote-controlled demolition robots for underground construction and other demanding industries.

Brokk’s machines offer a compact footprint and unmatched versatility, enhancing jobsite safety through remote operation. Their electric-powered models are ideal for confined areas where exhaust fumes pose a hazard, and the wide range of available attachments further enhances their utility.

To learn more about the latest advancements in demolition robotics, TBM spoke with Jeff Keeling, Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Brokk Inc. the Brokk distributor in North America With over 30 years of experience in the construction equipment industry and a tenure at Brokk dating back to 2013, Keeling brings deep insight into the evolving role of robotic solutions in underground work.

TBM: Can you share a brief history of demolition robots and their key characteristics?
Keeling: Brokk began in 1976 when Swedish contractors created an electric, remote-controlled demolition robot to safely work near a copper smelting furnace. Remote operation allowed them to keep personnel at a safe distance. After the initial success, they found additional applications and quickly realized the broader market potential.

Early machines featured tethered controls due to limited radio technology. Still, their electric operation made them ideal for environments where fumes were a concern, and safety remained a consistent benefit.

TBM: How have these robots evolved over the years?
Keeling: Advancements in radio technology have enabled wireless control with a range of up to 300 meters. Wi-Fi capabilities along with onboard cameras available on some models allow for offsite operation—particularly useful in tunneling, mining, and nuclear projects.

We’ve also significantly improved durability. Hardened electronics and simplified wiring reduce the risk of failure in harsh underground conditions. Brokk’s product line now ranges from the 1,235-lb Brokk 70 to the over 25,000-lb Brokk 900. The Brokk 70, for example, can fit through a 30-inch opening and has a minimum height of under 3 feet, making it perfect for compact spaces like utility tunnels.
While electric models are ideal for enclosed environments, we also offer diesel-powered machines for situations where cable management becomes a limitation.

TBM: What’s the current market outlook for demolition robots?
Keeling: It’s still a niche market, but it’s steadily growing. These machines are frequently used in areas not visible to the public—underground or in confined spaces—where safety and efficiency are critical. Remote-controlled robots reduce the need for manual labor and can complete tasks, like drilling, faster than manual labor, and more safely. In a time when skilled labor is increasingly scarce, this level of productivity is invaluable. One operator can accomplish the work of several people.

TBM: What are the main challenges you face as a manufacturer?
Keeling: Durability is our top priority. Contractors rely on machines that can perform under extremely tough conditions—dust, dirt, water, and constant use.
What sets Brokk apart is that our machines are engineered specifically for demolition, especially hammering, which is among the most demanding applications. While some machines on the market are adapted from digging platforms, we design every component—from the pins to the hydraulic arms—to withstand intense, repetitive stress.

TBM: How are tunneling contractors using Brokk machines on jobsites?
Keeling: The range of applications is limited only by the user’s creativity, but common uses include shaft sinking and cross passage construction.

Thanks to their compact size, Brokk machines can work solo or in tandem with other equipment, such as traditional excavators or additional robots, within a shaft. The Brokk 500 is particularly well-suited for shaft sinking.

For cross passages, the ability to swap attachments is a major advantage. Depending on the ground conditions, operators can use hammers, splitters, or drills for breaking rock, then switch to a bucket for muck removal—all with the same machine. You can also attach a drum cutter or use it for spraying concrete.

We work closely with attachment manufacturers to provide a wide variety of tools, making the machine even more versatile.

TBM: How should a contractor choose the right robot for their project?
Keeling: It starts with understanding the job requirements. For small utility tunnels, a compact machine offers maximum versatility. Larger robots bring more power for more demanding tasks in larger spaces. After size and performance needs are defined, the next step is choosing between electric and diesel power based on site conditions.

Our team is available to consult with contractors, assess their specific needs, and recommend the most suitable machine and configuration for the task.